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Group effort from poliovirus
Group effort from poliovirus he pathogenesis of poliovirus relies on virus diversity per se, not the selection of any particular adaptive mutation, say Marco Vignuzzi, Raul Andino (UCSF, San Francisco, CA), and colleagues. Different variants may achieve different tasks in a group effort to navigate the host environment. This is how a quasispecies, or group of variants, is meant to behave, based...
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Business Process management Systems (BPMS) are highly integrated in the IT of organizations. They are at the core of business. Thus, migrating from one BPMS solution to another is not a common task. However, there are forces that are pushing organizations to do this step, e.g. maintenance costs of legacy BPMS or needed additional functionality. Beforehand, risk and effort must be evaluated. Thi...
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Three studies examined the relationship between individuals’ perceived “prototypicality” in a group, their subsequent self-presentation goals, and individual effort in that group. Consistent with the finding that feelings of marginal ingroup membership status elicit a desire to seek stronger social connections within ingroups, we predicted that non-prototypical group members will have more sali...
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According to prominent models in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and economics, effort (be it physical or mental) is costly: when given a choice, humans and non-human animals alike tend to avoid effort. Here, we suggest that the opposite is also true and review extensive evidence that effort can also add value. Not only can the same outcomes be more rewarding if we apply more (not less) eff...
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Let T be the set of minimal primes of a Krull domain A. If S is a subset of T9 we form B = n AP for PeS and study the relation of the class group of B to that of A. We find that the class group of B is always a homomorphic image of that of A. We use this type of construction to obtain a Krull domain with specified class group and then alter such a Krull domain to obtain a Dedekind domain with t...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Microbiology
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1740-1526,1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3494